CASE 7


Managing employee separations, downsizing and outplacement

Employee separation means that the employees membership in an organization is being terminated. Turnover rate means the rate of employee separations in an organization.

The costs of employee separations may vary by location and also the effect of lost talent on sales, productivity or on research and development might be big but hard to estimate.
Recruitment costs are advertising, campus visits, recruiter time, search firm fees. It might be necessary to employ a search firm to locate qualified individuals.  Selection costs are interviewing, testing, reference checks and relocation (moving the employee´s personal property, travel costs and sometimes even housing costs). Training costs are orientation to companies values and culture, direct training costs, trainers time and lost productivity during training meaning that they cant fill their full potential at work in the beginning. Separation costs are separation pay, benefits, unemployment insurance cost, exit interview, outplacement, vacant position. Administration of separation often includes exit interview which can provide counselling and/or assistance in finding a new job. Larger firms provide outplacement assistance which helpe them to find job more rapidly. Employer gets cost also if the position remains vacant and the work doesn’t get done.

The benefits of employee separations
Reduced labor costs by reducing the size of its workforce. Replacement of poor performers  if an employee isn’t responding to coaching or feedback it might be best to terminate him/her. Increased innovation by new people hired from outside from the firm. The opportunity for greater diversity .

Types of employee separations
Voluntary separation when an employee decides to leave the company for personal or professional reasons. These can be avoidable or unavoidable. Unavoidables are when its about employees personal reasons that the employer cant control. 80% are still avoidable and many of the separations are due to staffing mistakes.
Quits depends on the employees level of dissatisfaction with the job and the alternatives the employee has outside the organization. Employee can be dissatisfied with the job itself the job environment or both.
Employers have used pay incentives to encourage employees to quit voluntarily. These voluntary servance plans or buyouts are used to reduce the size of workforce while avoiding the negative factors associated with layoff.
Retirements which usually occurs in the end of one´s career whereas a quit can occur anytime. In these cases employer has time to find someone to fill the position.

Involuntary separations happen when management decides to terminate relationship with an employee due to economic reasons or a poor fit between employee and the organization. HR staff makes sure that the dismissal is performed according to company´s employment policy.
Discharges is when the management decides there is a poor fit between an employee and the organization. Its result from poor performance or the employee´s failure to change unacceptable behaviour that has repeatedly tried to be corrected.
Layoffs are means for organizations to cut costs. Layoffs can have bad effects on the remaining workers and the investors aswell. For investors it may seem that the company is struggling big time and for the remaining employees morale may be affected and it can make fear of losing their jobs too.
Rightsizing means reorganizing a company´s employees to improve their efficiency.

Managing early retirements. Retirement can be hurried by a package of financial incentives and an open window that restricts eligibility to a fairly short period of time. There might also be shortfalls if people take the advantage of early retirements at the same time. The matter must be put so that there are no misunderstandings and then law suits in line for age racism for example.

Managing layoffs. Alternatives to layoffs in employment policies are reduction through attrition which means that job vacancies are not fulfilled, hiring freeze ( no pay raises), cut part-time employees, cut internships or co-ops, give subcontracted work to in-house employees, voluntary time off, leaves of absence, reducing work hours. In changes of job design company can do transfers, relocation, job sharing and demotions. In pay and benefit policies a company can freeze pay, cut overtime pay, use vacation and leave days, pay cuts and profit sharing or variable pay. In training company can do retraining.

Once layoff decision has been made managers must tell about it carefully. It can be a traumatic event and can effect a big amount of people. Key things to do is notifying employees, developing layoff criteria, communicating to laid-off employees, coordinating media relations, maintaining security and reassuring survivors of the layoff.

Outplacement
It is an HR programme created to help separated employees deal with the emotional stress of job loss and to provide assistance in finding a new one. Companies are usually willing to pay for outplacement because it can reduce some risks related to layoffs. Outplacement services are emotional support and job-search assistance.

Nokia´s case affected around the world. Like the closing a factory in Germany to move it to Romania to get the cheaper labor as in the article “Nokia closes plant in Germany and relocates in Romania” Then the article “Hundreds of Nokia´s outsourced Symbian developers leaving Accenture” where employees are unsatisfied and don’t have enough work to do. And the article “Nokia cuts 3500 jobs ´to ensure profitability`” where is told about their major cut downs.
                      I have seen the Nokia case from close because I am form Oulu where Nokia was a huge employer for many families and when they did the cut downs it was really showing at my friend´s families and in the economy of Oulu. People had to move to cheaper and smaller houses because of the cut downs and a lot of people were unemployed. It was a big topic back then and a huge loss for Oulu as well.

Sources:
Managing Human Resources, Global Edition 2016 Gomez-Meja, Balkin, Cardy. P.209-230


Nokia closes plant in Germany and relocates in Romania. 17.1.2018
accessed 10.4.2018

Nokia cuts 3500 jobs “to ensure profitability”. Yle news. 29.9.2011.
accessed 10.4.2018

Hundred of Nokia´s outsourced Symbian developers leaving Accenture. Yle news. 2.4.2012
accessed 10.4.2018


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